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Prescription opioids are generally safe to take if you follow your doctor’s instructions. In 2021 alone, fentanyl contributed to 88% of opioid-related deaths, amounting to a total of 71,238 fentanyl-related opioid addiction treatment deaths. Also called opiates, natural opioids come from the seed pods of the poppy plant Papaver somniferum. More specifically, they’re derived from...

Moreover, a recent systematic comparison examining gene expression changes found that temporal gene response patterns to trauma, burns, and endotoxemia in mouse models correlated poorly with the human conditions (Seok, Warren et al. 2013). Nonhuman primates, on the other hand, voluntarily consume different amounts of alcohol and allow us to conduct studies in an outbred...